Variation in ? 15 Letter viewpoints among breeding colonies differed according for the chick-rearing period (Fig 4)
The fresh new telecommunications ranging from reproduction nest and hatching big date revealed that the change in ? thirteen C values having hatching timing varied among reproduction territories. Just in the Suhaam, ? 13 C philosophy of girls improved 0.twenty-four ± 0.07‰ daily (0.10–0.38‰/day) across the hottie-rearing several months, when you find yourself there was zero evidence of change for the almost every other colonies (Gujido: -0.04 ± 0.10‰/go out -0.24–0.15‰/day; Namdongji: 0.02 ± 0.06‰/big date -0.10–0.13‰/day; Chilsando: -0.05 ± 0.09‰/go out, -0.23–0.12‰/day).
For ? fifteen N, an entire model differed somewhat regarding the null design (? 2 = , df = twelve, p 2 = 8.54, df = step three, p = 0.036) and you may breeding nest and you will hatching time (? 2 = 9.23, df = step three, p = 0.026), since the correspondence between hottie-rearing several months and you may hatching go out to have ? fifteen Letter was not high (? dos = step one.09, df = step 1, p = 0.292; S2 Dining table). The lower model indicated that ? fifteen Letter opinions of girls differed anywhere between hottie-rearing periods only inside the girls in the Chilsando, in which ? 15 N beliefs towards late chick-rearing months was in fact step one.01 ± 0.33‰ lower (0.33–step 1.68‰) as opposed to those in early hottie-rearing months (Fig cuatro). There is certainly no evidence of a big difference in the ? 15 Letter philosophy anywhere between chick-rearing attacks from the almost every other territories (Gujido: -0.04 ± 0.45‰, -0.95–0.88‰; Suhaam: -0.01 ± 0.39‰, -0.81–0.77‰; Namdongji: -0.twenty-five ± 0.42‰, -1.10–0.59‰; Fig cuatro). To the very early chick-rearing season, this new feathers of chicks at the Gujido met with the lower ? fifteen Letter philosophy (11.8 ± 0.41‰); one of many most other three territories, the newest ? 15 Letter philosophy regarding girls during the Chilsando (16.3 ± 0.41‰) have been substantially higher than men and women at Suhaam (14.8 ± 0.30‰) and you will Namdonji (fourteen.nine ± 0.34‰). To your later chick-rearing season, ? 15 N beliefs from chicks had been straight down on Gujido (11.8 ± 0.41‰) than just at the almost every other breeding territories, so there is actually no change one of the most other territories (Suhaam: fourteen.8 ± 0.30‰, Namdonji: 15.2 ± 0.34‰, Chilsando: 15.3 ± 0.24‰; Fig cuatro).
I failed to find supporting evidence to the improvement in ? 15 N thinking by hatching time away from girls in virtually any reproduction nest (Gujido: 0.01 ± 0.07‰/time -0.06–0.09 ‰/day; Suhaam: 0.04 ± 0.03‰/date, -0.01–0.09 ‰/day; Namdongji: -0.03 ± 0.02‰/day, -0.07–0.01 ‰/day; Chilsando: -0.06 ± 0.03‰/big date, -0.13–0.01 ‰/day).
New Bayesian combo model as well as exhibited an excellent spatial difference between eating plan have fun with anywhere between reproduction colonies (Fig 5), hence indicated that the diet structure away from spoonbill girls within Gujido are primarily distinct from that in other reproduction territories. Despite freshwater wetlands not-being designed for foraging regarding vicinity (Fig step 1, Dining table step one), chicks at the Gujido was basically provided almost completely freshwater diets (>79%) in both a long time, and these diets was controlled because of the freshwater invertebrates (Fig 5). On top of that, almost every other populations that’ll access freshwater wetlands and you may intertidal section used both aquatic and you will freshwater food supplies on an equivalent price during the the chick-rearing several months (Fig 5). The new model showed that chicks in the Chilsando had been provided with more freshwater and you may aquatic seafood in early article-hatching months than other colonies (Fig 5). As well, there is certainly highest overlap out-of projected diet plan efforts involving the early and later chick-rearing attacks (Fig 5).
Conversation
The quintessential prominent selecting is actually that proportion regarding freshwater diet is actually highest in the Gujido, where no freshwater wetlands are available for foraging within the normal foraging variety (11 kilometres from the nest). Simultaneously, from the other territories receive nearby the coast, along with Suhaam, Namdongji, and you can Chilsando, people given its chicks having target regarding intertidal mudflats and you can freshwater wetlands during the the same rates. Which outcome is inside contract having the ones from prior records, hence indicated that the newest people at the other overseas countries didn’t provide in the nearby intertidal flats however, from much more faraway freshwater wetlands instead, if you find yourself those on inshore countries utilized each other habitats. Such show as well as validate the new conclusions out-of previous accounts indicating one to the latest diet regarding chicks when you look at the offshore territories mostly originated in freshwater habitats [17, 18]. For temporal improvement in the fresh ratio away from freshwater dieting, all of our studies showed that ? 13 C thinking, which have been regularly see diet dimensions out of freshwater and you will intertidal wetlands, had been large at the beginning of chick-rearing period than in late chick-rearing period. Additionally, ? thirteen C beliefs having Suhaam enhanced and additionally hatching time. Such abilities imply that, into the Suhaam, the freshwater diet proportion regarding chicks would be large in early hottie-rearing 12 months compared to late chick-rearing months, when you find yourself very early-reproduction spoonbills you will offer the chicks with freshwater prey than simply spoonbills breeding afterwards. Such results are in keeping with prior to findings conducted throughout the coastal portion as much as Suhaam, and that indicated that exactly how many spoonbills foraging in the grain paddies reduced along side hottie-rearing season 
throughout the coastal urban area as much as Suhaam [17, thirty six, 78].
